(=Plutarkhos, Pyhrros) Plutarch’s Lives.London, New York 1928-1967 (The Loeb Classical Library). (= Plutarkhos, De Faciae) Plutarch’s Moralia.Plinius Secundus “Yaşlı”, Naturalis Historia) Pliny Natural History. (= Callistratus) Philostratus, Imagines Callistratus. (= Philostratus “Younger”, De Imagines) de Imag.A Treatise on the Life of Moses, that is to say, On the Theology and Prophetic Office of Moses, English translation by C. (= Philo of Alexandria, De Vita Mosis-I) Life of Moses.(= Pausanias, Periegesis tes Hellados) Used in the text and translation: Pausanian Description of Greece.(= Ab urbe condita librorum periochae) Livy. London, New York 1927-1928 (The Loeb Classical Library). (= Flavius Iosephus Historicus, Bellum Iudaium) The Jewish War.London, New York 1930-1939 (The Loeb Classical Library). (= Flavius Iosephus Historicus, Antiquitates Iudaicae) The Jewish Antiquities.(= Quintus Horatius Flaccus, Carmina) Epistulae, Carmina (Q.Cambridge, Mass.-London, vols I 20024, II 20044 (The Loeb Classical Library). Cambridge, Mass.-London, vols I, II 20013 (The Loeb Classical Library). Used in the text and translation: Iliad.Cambridge, Mass.- London 2002 (The Loeb Classical Library). (= Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheke Historike) Diodorus of Sicily.Cambridge, Mass.-London, vols I 20045, II 2000 (The Loeb Classical Library). Cambridge, Mass.-London 1912-1913 (The Loeb Classical Library). (= Appianus, Bella civilia) Appian’s Roman History.Cambridge, Mass.-London, vols I 20058, II 20067, III 20017 (The Loeb Classical Library). (= Ammianus Marcellinus, Rerum Gestarum Libri) Ammianus Marcellinus.(= Aiskhylos, Agamemnon) Agamemnon, Libation-Berarers, Eumenides, Fragments. in-situ structures at the Cilician port city of Anemorium, previously published as examples of, “a unique form of conical tomb”, which seem rather to be markers on the hillside for the probable landing quay below them, their relative heights reminding of the pharos and anti-pharos marking a harbour entrance in antiquity. The article concludes with remarks upon two late Ist c. The matter of the importance of the size of the marker structure relative to the surrounding topography, the number of light sources, possible fuels employed, and if these marker-beacons functioned at night in winter are raised. It suggests that maritime place-names beginning with the letters Pha/Phar, such as, Pharsalos, indicate the former presence of harbour marker lights, in this case with salos meaning an open roadstead. noted in Arrian’s Anabasis being its probable replacement, prior to the construction of the Hellenistic Pharos. marking the port of Rhacotis, with the tower standing in the IVth c. It suggests the presence of a Pharonic territorial marker on the consequently named Pharos Island from c. This article addresses the importance, in the well documented practice in antiquity of nocturnal navigation, of marker-beacons/pharos for navigation.
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